Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is a disease that affects more than 25,000 U.S. women each year. The disease begins with ovarian cancer, but the disease is spread, like cancer can attack other parts of the body. Some women have their ovaries removed when the disease and "caught in an early stage. However, at some point in the progression of the disease, surgery is unnecessary, and the best hope that the patient receives chemotherapy.

The problem with chemotherapy is that it iswomen very uncomfortable, even painful, and many are discouraged by the overall survival rate of ovarian cancer victims. However, for others, anything is worth a try for the chance to fight for life.

Before deciding whether chemotherapy is for you, you better know the facts:

Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer with powerful chemicals to kill cancer cells in the body. These chemicals in your body sometimes with drugs taken orally, but more oftenpumped directly into the bloodstream through an IV needle and tube.

Chemotherapy is uncomfortable. In general, you feel much worse before it starts to feel better. Patients receiving chemotherapy often experience nausea. Usually lose their hair.

These effects occur because the chemicals kill the cancer cells are also at the same time, killing healthy cells. The expectation is that cancer cells are removed before the cells are healthy.For this reason, it is very important for chemotherapy patients to take care of your body and keep your cells healthy to stay fit on the head.

But after the chemicals do their job, then you start to feel better. Even in cases where chemotherapy can cure many physicians still prescribe cancer chemotherapy because even in situations where not all kill cancer cells, chemotherapy destroys enough to give even the relief of some of the patientCancer 's symptoms.

Another important thing you need to know about chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: what happens to you, provided that when you are giving others the opportunity to fight the disease better. Each session of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer gives the medical community better understand how best to treat ovarian cancer. New facts may be discovered during the treatment could one day help yourdaughter, her niece, and many other women who come after you - whether chemotherapy will help.

The survival rate of cervical cancer - Dare to know your chances

Long ago, the survival rate of cervical cancer is very low. In fact, it is too low, which is a large number of deaths of women in the United States. With the death rate increasing those under the disease, more women have begun to seek this type of cancer education, "if the consciousness of protecting the lives of women affected and shocked the nation.

To date, the number of lives taken by cancer of the cervix isdecreased with more women appreciate the benefits of early detection through regular Pap tests annually. Why more women are now more aware of their bodies and their health, cervical cancer is now seen from a deadly disease is a disease that can be easily prevented and detected.

Cervical cancer has 4 stages - Stages 1 to 4. In this case, Phase 1 is the first (and least dangerous) and Phase 4 is the most dangerous.

Phase 1 has two phases:Phase 1A and 1B of practice. In phase 1, the survival rate of cervical cancer is very nice from 96 to 99%. Since this is the first stage of their experience with cancer, the tumor is still localized and can be easily taken to surgery. Stage 1B is about 80-90% and the survival rate can be treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

In Phase 2, the cancer has proliferated in the surrounding tissue outside the uterus. During afive-year period of time, the survival rate of cervical cancer patients diagnosed at this stage is significantly less than 65-69%. The treatment is the same as in the previous phase, but the dose and frequency of medications and therapy sessions may be longer.

In most cancer cases, cancer is dangerous to stop without treatment up to stage 3. It is at this stage because the prognosis is very poor and the survival rate for cervical cancer is rather low at 40-43%, even with adequate chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

In the fourth stage of the disease, the cancer may have already affected distant organs such as the pelvis and bowel. Even with treatment, the survival rate is still 15-20%.

Cervical cancer is equally common among women with and without children and for women sexually active or not. Like most cancers, direct and preciseCancer> cervix is ​​unknown, but it is vaguely related to the lifestyle of a woman, race and socioeconomic status.

Preventive measures and research mainly suggested by most medical tests are annual or biennial Pap, as soon as a woman begins having sex or eighteen years of age.

What is Cancer - Incidence, diagnosis, causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis

Cancer is the second cause of cardiovascular disease and death in the Western world. Although cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly with more than 60% of cancer deaths that occur in those over 65 years, cancer can strike even the youngest.

Cancer appears to occur when the growth of cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. Cancer can develop in any organ ortissues such as lung, colon, breast tissue, skin, bone or nerve.

Most common sites are:

The 24% fall down
Breast 13%
Pulmonary 13%
Colon and rectum 9%
The bladder 3%
Uterus 2.5%

The cause of cancer is believed to be a combination of genetic and outside carcinogens such as snuff, viruses, infection, asbestos, vinyl chloride, an inadequate diet.

Cancer often has no specific symptoms, so it is important to limit the riskfactors and cancer exams properly. The signs and symptoms depend on tumor location, tumor size, and what affects the organs or structures.

If the cancer spreads (metastasizes), then symptoms can appear in different parts of the body. As it grows, it begins to push on nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. If the tumor is in a critical area, as someparts of the brain, even the smallest tumor can cause early symptoms.

But sometimes cancers start in places that do not cause any symptoms until the tumor has grown quite a bit. Tumors of the pancreas, for example, usually do not grow large enough to be heard from outside the body. By the time a pancreatic cancer causes these signs and symptoms, usually in an advanced stage.

A cancer may alsocause symptoms common to many other problems, such as fever, fatigue and weight loss. This may be due to the fact that cancer consumes most of the energies of the body and can cause the release of substances that affect metabolism.

Some lung cancers of hormone-like substances that affect levels of calcium in the blood, that affects the nerves and muscles and cause weakness and dizziness.

It is important to know that some of the general (non-specific) signs and symptomscancer, but remember to have one of these does not mean you have cancer.

Most cancers can be treated and cared for some, depending on the specific location, and stage. The earlier the cancer is, the better the prognosis.

A good example of the importance of the discovery of early cancer of the skin cancer melanoma. Skin cancer can be easy to remove if not developed in depth in the skin, and 5-year survival rate (Percentage of people who live at least 5 years after diagnosis) at this stage is nearly 100%.

The breast cancer screening with mammography has been shown to reduce the average stage of diagnosis of breast cancer in the population. Colorectal cancer can be detected by testing for fecal occult blood and colonoscopy, which reduces both the "incidence colon cancer and mortality, presumably through the detection and removal of premalignant polyps. Similarly,> Cervical cytology testing (using the Pap smear) leads to the identification and removal of precancerous lesions.

Testicular self-examination is recommended for men age 15 years to detect testicular cancer.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The pain may be an early symptom of some cancers such as bone cancer or testicular cancer.

In the long term constipation, diarrhea, or a change in the size of the stool may bea sign of colon cancer.

Painful urination, blood in urine or changes in bladder function (such as urinating more frequently or less frequently) could be related to bladder or prostate.

Skin cancers may bleed and look like sores that do not heal.

A long wound in the mouth can be a tumor of the oral cavity and must be addressed immediately, especially in patients who smoke, chew or snuff frequently consume alcohol.

Wounds inpenis or vagina may be signs of an infection or cancer early, and should not be overlooked.

Bleeding can occur either early or advanced cancer.

Blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer.

Blood in the stool (or black or dark stool) could be a sign of cancer of the colon or rectum.

Blood in the urine may be a sign of cancer of the bladder or kidneys.

A bloody discharge from the nipple may be a signbreast cancer.

Many cancers can be felt through the skin, especially at the breast, testes, lymph nodes (glands), and soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be an early sign of cancer or later.

Although they tend to have other causes, indigestion or difficulty swallowing may be a sign of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or pharynx (throat).

A cough that will not go away may be a sign of lung cancer.

A cancerMay be suspected of a number of reasons, but the definitive diagnosis of most malignancies must be confirmed by histological examination of cancer cells by a pathologist.

TREATMENT

Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy can be used to treat almost all types of solid tumors, including brain tumors, breast, cervix, larynx, lung, pancreas, prostate, skin, stomach,uterus, or soft tissue sarcomas.

Most forms of chemotherapy target all rapidly dividing cells and are not specific to cancer cells, despite a certain degree of specificity may come from the inability of many tumor cells to repair DNA damage, while normal cells is usually possible.

Modern methods to generate an immune response against cancer include intravesical BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer and the use of interferons and other cytokines to induce an immune response in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients.

Analgesics such as morphine and oxycodone, and anti-emetics, drugs to control nausea and vomiting are common in patients with cancer-related symptoms. Transmission of the organism.

Advances in cancer research have made ​​a vaccine designed to prevent cancer available. The vaccine protects against four HPV types which together cause 70% of cervical> Cancer and 90% of genital warts.

The consensus on diet and cancer is that obesity increases the risk of developing cancer. The fight against cancer of the food components are also proving to be more numerous and varied than previously thought, so patients are advised to consume more and more fresh, unprocessed fruits and vegetables for maximum health benefits.

The prognosis of ovarian cancer and benefits for patients

Each patient is expected to be healed of their diseases. But in reality there are many other factors that influence whether a patient could survive for 5 months, or even be able to live more than five months. Estimated life expectancy of patients a doctor can be used as payment for treatment and other decisions taken at the end of life.

Ovarian cancer patients who seek medical attention at an early stage, have a good prognosis, but still expect to live longer, perhapsalso get rid of it.

For patients who have just arrived back into the stage III or more, usually have a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, most patients with this disease detected in an advanced stage, in advanced cancer has spread to other parts of the body outside of the ovary. The spread of the disease in other parts of the body affect the functioning of the organ, other organs may be affected are: lining of the uterus, colon, lung and bladder. What is the effect, among other things, that thebodies become unable to function properly, so the balance of the body affected.

Source Wikipedia, the written question in relation to ovarian cancer, patients with ovarian cancer the 5-year survival for all stages of 45.5%. If the disease is diagnosed at an early stage when the cancer has spread beyond the ovary, 5-year survival was 92.7%.

If detection is too late, and patients already in serious conditions, this situation has given anegative effects for the patient. The doctor can analyze and provide an explanation for the possible continuation of the treatment and cure. The doctor will usually also notify the patient's family the possibility that the patient will recover, and other possibilities that may occur in patients. Predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer doctors are not 100% accurate, for example, when doctors declared that "45 percent of patients die within 5 months," concluded that, based on medicalcalculation based on previous patient studies. But in reality there are many other factors that influence whether a patient could survive for 5 months, or even be able to live more than five months. Estimated life expectancy of patients a doctor can be used as payment for treatment and other decisions taken at the end of life.

How to spot the symptoms of ovarian cysts

The number of women with ovarian cysts has become truly alarming. With the current trend, it seems that no woman is free of any ovarian cysts. In fact, millions of women around the world have been affected by this disease, reproductive health, and you will probably also be affected. In order to get immediate medical attention is vital that you know the various symptoms of ovarian cysts.

There are several symptoms of ovarian cystsdepending on the type you have. A cyst in the ovary may be functional cysts, polycystic ovaries, endometrial cysts, dermoid cysts and cytadenomas. Each of these types of ovarian cysts have different symptoms because its growth is different from one another.

The trouble with ovarian cysts is that it is difficult to identify the symptoms from the beginning, like a functional cyst. Some women may also confuse the symptoms of discomfort associated withmonthly period. Therefore, if the pain becomes too bad, be sure not to lose sight of, because it definitely is not just a normal menstrual pain.

If you suffer from recurring back pain, it is likely that the cysts in the ovaries. Having this condition is not normal. You may have an ovarian cyst if you have back pain that seems to go away.

Another part is having symptoms of ovarian cysts breast cancer. If you can see very clearly, and is a warningsign. Sometimes when your period does not arrive on time, then you may already have cysts on your ovaries. Menstrual irregularities are a clear sign that you have the disease.

If you ever want to vomit, then this could also be a sign. Some women who are still of childbearing age can only think that she is pregnant. However, if this situation persists, you may already have cysts on your ovaries.

One type of symptoms of ovarian cystsexperience pain during intercourse. If this is your case then you should not ignore, especially if it has happened before, during intimate moments with her husband. The discomfort may be caused by a cyst growing in the ovaries.

Women with ovarian cysts may also experience difficulty defecating. Try to see if you experience constipation can also be a symptom of ovarian cysts.

Ovarian cysts may also cause abdominal pain, so be carefulIf you have experienced pain in this area of ​​the body. It could be a sign of ovarian cysts, if the pain is accompanied by pressure.

The above symptoms are also associated with other reproductive problems. It would be better if you consult your doctor if any of the above symptoms.

What are the main symptoms of HPV?

HPV is human papilloma virus. About 200 strains of HPV have been identified as of today. The infection produces almost no symptoms in its victims. It belongs to the papillomavirus family. 40 strains of these viruses can be transmitted sexually and is for vaginal, oral and anal sex.

Most HPV is found to affect younger women, where the effects are temporary. 90% of cases can be cured in a period of 2 years, while 70% were cured in a period of oneyears. The people of the United States' interests in today's program to recognize symptoms of HPV infection. Symptoms may fall into the following subheadings.

Formation of genital warts

Genital warts on the outside walls of the genitals of men and women is a common symptom of infection with sexually transmitted HPV. At this stage the chances of triggering a cancer of the cervix in women are the least.

Abnormalitiesdetected in the cervix of women

In women, the doctors will find some unusual changes in the cervical region and recommend medication accordingly. The Pap test can be carried out to identify and confirm HPV infection, which in its extreme form, can cause cervical cancer in women.

Pain in the pelvic region

Many women complain of experiencing pain in the pelvic region and this is due mainly to the reproductive organsinfected.

Eruptions of pink and the flesh

Rashes flesh and pink skin or genital lesions are common on exposed skin.

The presence of moisture in the infected areas

The affected area tends to stay moist and humid.

Burning or itching

During urination, the victim of infection with human papilloma virus may feel a burning sensation and itching takenthem.

Other types of warts

In addition to genital warts, plantar warts and flat are also common in the affected areas. Its size can vary. From the small size of these warts can be a cauliflower. Initially the victim experiences no pain with the appearance of warts, but later can be very painful.

In most women the HPV virus generates almost no symptoms. Therefore, it is advisable to have a Pap test every year to a being sexually active. Only one in a thousand cases in the U.S. is a sin of cervical cancer by persistent infection with human papilloma virus.

The presence of multiple warts may seem very dangerous. However, if the drug is followed correctly, you can get rid of these symptoms. Do not forget that if you take the risk stop taking these drugs after a small improvement in the condition, the reconstruction of these> Could it be obvious symptoms. This time may occur with greater impact and higher intensity.

Ovarian cancer and HE4 - A promising screening test

Four years ago, researchers in Seattle have identified a protein known as human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as very effective in distinguishing ovarian cancer from benign ovarian mass and cysts. Since then, other studies have supported these initial findings, including one just published in December 2007 issue of Gynecologic Oncology.

The only evidence available in the market to date, which detects proteins produced by the ovariesCancer>, is CA-125. Y. 'More useful for monitoring patients with known ovarian cancer, to evaluate how patients respond to treatment and to detect recurrence after treatment The problem with CA 125 as a screening test is that it is often elevated in the presence of normal ovaries or benign ovarian cysts and tumors. In addition, the CA 125 is not very high frequency in ovarian cancer early, when it is still highly curable. These two aspects make it almostuseless for research.

As the CA125, HE4 protein is released by ovarian cancer cells and is found in the bloodstream, which can be detected. The HE4 test, which is patented by the Japanese, Inc., Fujirebio Diagnostics, is closer to FDA approval. Because the expression of HE4 ovarian tissue mass is benign or normal ovarian very low, there is a much better potential as a screening test for CA125.

The latest study, led by Dr. RG Moore, showed that HE4was the best single marker for Stage I, or primary ovarian cancer. Another study finding was that the combination of HE4 and CA125 was better. Statistical analysis showed that this combination had a sensitivity of 76.4% and a specificity of 95%, making the combination more accurately than any test alone.

HE4 is not the only biomarker that is being investigated as a screening tool for ovarian cancer. More than 30 people have been evaluated alone or in combination withCA125 by different investigators. Some of the most promising are: mesothelin, M-CSF, osteopontin, kallikrein (s), and soluble EGF receptor. Keep an eye out for these in the following news. It is very likely to have an effective combination of a screening tool for ovarian cancer, known as the "silent murderer" in the next two or three years.