Breast Cancer - Medical Symptoms, Causes And Treatments

Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) growth in the breast that can spread to the lymph nodes, lungs, brain, and bones. One in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer over the course of their lifetime. This article takes a brief yet concise look at the medical symptoms, causes and treatments for cancer of the breast.

Breast Cancer Symptoms And Causes

In the early stages of the cancer, symptoms usually do not appear. As the cancer grows, symptoms can include: a lump in the breast that may or may not be tender and/or an enlarged lymph nodes under the arm that may feel hard and have uneven edges but typically does not hurt.

A woman may also notice changes in the size, shape or feel of the breast such as an indentation of the nipple or a fluid discharge from the nipple; or redness or dimpling of the skin.

Men can get breast cancer yet women are 100% more likely to get cancer of the breast than men. In a man, symptoms will likely present as a breast lump, pain and tenderness.

The cause of cancer in the breast is unknown but the risk increases with a family history of this type of cancer, in women who have not had children; or in women who reached their menstrual cycle before age 12 or went through menopause after age 55.

Some cancers of the breast are sensitive to the hormone estrogen, that means estrogen causes tumors of the breast to grow. These estrogen sensitive cancers are called 'estrogen receptor positive cancer' or 'ER positive cancer'.

Breast Cancer Diagnosis And Treatment

Monthly self-exams of the breasts should be performed to detect any changes early. A baseline mammogram is recommended by age 35, then follow-ups every 2 years up to age 49, then every year after age 50. If a lesion is detected, a biopsy (tissue sample) may be needed to make an accurate diagnosis. Other tests that may be performed to formulate a proper diagnosis include an MRI, CT Scan, Breast Ultrasound or PET Scan.

Treatment is based on many factors including the type of cancer and the stage the cancer is in (stages range from (0 to IV). Surgery to remove the lump (lumpectomy) or to remove all or part of the breast and possibly nearby structures such as lymph nodes and muscle tissue (mastectomy) is the recommended treatment. Other treatment options include chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

The experimental drug, tamoxifen, is currently being studied to determine if it can prevent cancer of the breast. This drug blocks the effects of estrogen which can promote the growth of cancer cells in women with estrogen-sensitive breast cancer. A newer class of medicines called aromatase inhibitors, have shown good results in post-menopausal women with breast cancer.

Common Causes, Types, Symptoms and Treatment of Ovarian Cyst

Ovarian cyst is a well known disease today's woman. You should be aware of this, because if the majority of cysts are harmless, some can threaten your health and can cause death. Ovarian cysts are small vesicles similar to blisters that develop in the ovaries of a woman full of liquid. Women are more likely to have the disease during their reproductive years. Cysts form in the two almond sized organs on each side of the womb called ovaries. It can be classified as a carcinogen andcancer. Noncancerous cysts are harmless and disappear without treatment. But severe cases can cause pain, bleeding and even death.

At ultrasound, the bubbles appear fluid filled cysts surrounded by a thin wall. This type of cyst is called a functional cyst, or a simple cyst. Formation of ovarian cysts is caused by fluids that remain in it when a follicle fails to rupture and release the egg. And 'normal to see small cysts in the normal ovary while follicles areformat.

Most cysts are considered benign form, are not harmful and anything to do with the disease. Can disappear and heal on their own within a week without suffering any kind of treatment.

Causes of ovarian cysts

Ovarian function to produce an egg each month. The egg production process is called ovulation. During this process, a type called follicular cyst forms within the ovary. The mature follicle ruptures when an egg isreleased during ovulation. The empty follicle forms the corpus luteum. If the woman is not pregnant, the corpus luteum will dissolve. While the woman's body during this process is the most common type of cyst called a functional cyst is formed.

Other types of cysts such as dermoid ovarian cysts, cystadenoma cysts, endometrioma cyst and polycystic ovary syndrome are considered abnormal. They often occur as a result of an imbalance of female hormones (estrogenand progesterone).

Types of Ovarian Cysts

The cysts are classified as benign or non cancerous and cancerous:

Functional Cysts - these are just normal cysts that are formed during the ovulation period. These can affect women in their early age but it will eventually disappear within two to three menstrual cycles.
Dermoid Cysts - these are the type of ovarian cysts that are filled with various types of tissues including hair or skin.
Endometrioma Cysts - these are also refer to as the chocolate cysts of endometriosis which are formed when a tissue similar to the lining of the uterus attaches to the ovaries.
Cystadenoma Cysts - such cysts are developed from the cells on the outer surface of the ovary.
Polycystic ovarian disease - these are cysts that are formed from the buildup of follicle cysts which causes the ovaries to thicken. These may cause the enlargement of ovaries creating a thick outer covering that prevents the process of ovulation and some fertility problems.

Common Ovarian Cysts Symptoms

Often times, ovarian cysts have no symptoms. If there are any symptoms, it can cause a dull ache or a pressure in the abdomen. The pain experience during sexual intercourse is also a sign of ovarian cysts.

The pain or pressure is caused by some factors such as size, bleeding of bursting of a cysts which often cause irritation to the abdominal tissue, which can block the flow of the blood to the cyst.

Having delayed, irregular, and unusual painful periods is also a symptom of having ovarian cyst. In case you experience some of the symptoms, it is necessary to have a check up with your doctor.

Treatment of Ovarian Cysts

Although majority of the ovarian cysts are benign, treatment for cysts depends on the size, and symptoms. If the cyst is small, the wait approach is recommended with a regular check ups.

Pain caused by ovarian cysts can be treated with:

pain relievers
a warm bath applied in the lower part of the abdomen can relax tense muscles and relieve the cramping, reduces the discomfort and help the blood circulation which may heal the ovaries.
Drinking chromomite herbal tea can lessen the pain and also soothes the tense muscles.
Urinating as soon as you feel the urge
Preventing constipation from occurring
Having a healthy diet
Combining the hormonal contraception, taking contraceptive pill can be a big help

Cysts that occur in menopausal women may indicate more serious disease and needed to be examined through ultrasonography and laparoscopy. If your family has the history of having a ovarian cancer, you can undergo surgical biopsy after the testing of your blood.

In more serious cases, it is a must to undergo a surgery. Some surgery can be done successfully without hurting the ovaries, but in some cases removal of your one ovary is required.

What is Cancer - Incidence, diagnosis, causes, symptoms, treatment and prognosis

Cancer is the second cause of cardiovascular disease and death in the Western world. Although cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly with more than 60% of cancer deaths that occur in those over 65 years, cancer can strike even the youngest.

Cancer appears to occur when the growth of cells in the body is out of control and cells divide too quickly. Cancer can develop in any organ ortissues such as lung, colon, breast tissue, skin, bone or nerve.

Most common sites are:

The 24% fall down
Breast 13%
Pulmonary 13%
Colon and rectum 9%
The bladder 3%
Uterus 2.5%

The cause of cancer is believed to be a combination of genetic and outside carcinogens such as snuff, viruses, infection, asbestos, vinyl chloride, an inadequate diet.

Cancer often has no specific symptoms, so it is important to limit the riskfactors and cancer exams properly. The signs and symptoms depend on tumor location, tumor size, and what affects the organs or structures.

If the cancer spreads (metastasizes), then symptoms can appear in different parts of the body. As it grows, it begins to push on nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves. If the tumor is in a critical area, as someparts of the brain, even the smallest tumor can cause early symptoms.

But sometimes cancers start in places that do not cause any symptoms until the tumor has grown quite a bit. Tumors of the pancreas, for example, usually do not grow large enough to be heard from outside the body. By the time a pancreatic cancer causes these signs and symptoms, usually in an advanced stage.

A cancer may alsocause symptoms common to many other problems, such as fever, fatigue and weight loss. This may be due to the fact that cancer consumes most of the energies of the body and can cause the release of substances that affect metabolism.

Some lung cancers of hormone-like substances that affect levels of calcium in the blood, that affects the nerves and muscles and cause weakness and dizziness.

It is important to know that some of the general (non-specific) signs and symptomscancer, but remember to have one of these does not mean you have cancer.

Most cancers can be treated and cared for some, depending on the specific location, and stage. The earlier the cancer is, the better the prognosis.

A good example of the importance of the discovery of early cancer of the skin cancer melanoma. Skin cancer can be easy to remove if not developed in depth in the skin, and 5-year survival rate (Percentage of people who live at least 5 years after diagnosis) at this stage is nearly 100%.

The breast cancer screening with mammography has been shown to reduce the average stage of diagnosis of breast cancer in the population. Colorectal cancer can be detected by testing for fecal occult blood and colonoscopy, which reduces both the "incidence colon cancer and mortality, presumably through the detection and removal of premalignant polyps. Similarly,> Cervical cytology testing (using the Pap smear) leads to the identification and removal of precancerous lesions.

Testicular self-examination is recommended for men age 15 years to detect testicular cancer.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

The pain may be an early symptom of some cancers such as bone cancer or testicular cancer.

In the long term constipation, diarrhea, or a change in the size of the stool may bea sign of colon cancer.

Painful urination, blood in urine or changes in bladder function (such as urinating more frequently or less frequently) could be related to bladder or prostate.

Skin cancers may bleed and look like sores that do not heal.

A long wound in the mouth can be a tumor of the oral cavity and must be addressed immediately, especially in patients who smoke, chew or snuff frequently consume alcohol.

Wounds inpenis or vagina may be signs of an infection or cancer early, and should not be overlooked.

Bleeding can occur either early or advanced cancer.

Blood in the sputum (phlegm) may be a sign of lung cancer.

Blood in the stool (or black or dark stool) could be a sign of cancer of the colon or rectum.

Blood in the urine may be a sign of cancer of the bladder or kidneys.

A bloody discharge from the nipple may be a signbreast cancer.

Many cancers can be felt through the skin, especially at the breast, testes, lymph nodes (glands), and soft tissues of the body. A lump or thickening may be an early sign of cancer or later.

Although they tend to have other causes, indigestion or difficulty swallowing may be a sign of cancer of the esophagus, stomach, or pharynx (throat).

A cough that will not go away may be a sign of lung cancer.

A cancerMay be suspected of a number of reasons, but the definitive diagnosis of most malignancies must be confirmed by histological examination of cancer cells by a pathologist.

TREATMENT

Once diagnosed, cancer is usually treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy can be used to treat almost all types of solid tumors, including brain tumors, breast, cervix, larynx, lung, pancreas, prostate, skin, stomach,uterus, or soft tissue sarcomas.

Most forms of chemotherapy target all rapidly dividing cells and are not specific to cancer cells, despite a certain degree of specificity may come from the inability of many tumor cells to repair DNA damage, while normal cells is usually possible.

Modern methods to generate an immune response against cancer include intravesical BCG immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer and the use of interferons and other cytokines to induce an immune response in renal cell carcinoma and melanoma patients.

Analgesics such as morphine and oxycodone, and anti-emetics, drugs to control nausea and vomiting are common in patients with cancer-related symptoms. Transmission of the organism.

Advances in cancer research have made ​​a vaccine designed to prevent cancer available. The vaccine protects against four HPV types which together cause 70% of cervical> Cancer and 90% of genital warts.

The consensus on diet and cancer is that obesity increases the risk of developing cancer. The fight against cancer of the food components are also proving to be more numerous and varied than previously thought, so patients are advised to consume more and more fresh, unprocessed fruits and vegetables for maximum health benefits.

Cancer and its various causes and treatment

Cancer is the type of common disorder characterized by uncontrolled cell division. Millions of people worldwide suffer from these dreaded diseases and most people are ignorant about the cure and treatment and thus leads to most of death in many countries. These cells have the ability to invade other normal tissue. This disease occurs either with the insertion sites of isolated metastases or direct the growthin all of the invasion of adjacent tissues. The uncontrolled growth of cells are caused by damage to the "DNA" that the consequences of mutations of the genes that instruct the cell division protein intriguing. These mutations are caused by chemical and physical agents known as carcinogens, but is also caused by close contact with the waste and resources by certain viruses that can put in their "DNA" in the human genome.

There are many types adrenaline cancers such as cancer, anal cancer, lymphoma, tied aid, bladder cancer, brain metastases, brain tumors, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer , gallbladder cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, maesothelomia, ovarian cancer, penis> Cancer, pituitary cancer, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, small intestine cancer, lung cancer, small cell, bone cancer and pancreatic cancer.

All these cancers are serious in nature and is in need of care and proper treatment, or worsen the top. If untreated, any type of cancer can lead to health problems and death, cancer is a serious disease that affects peopleall ages, but especially during the last years of human resources, where the body becomes weak to fight the flu .. Several bacterial cancer is one of the leading causes of death in many urbanized countries. Most tumors have a proper treatment and some are treated and processed by, depending on the exact type, stage and location.

Some of the most common forms of treatment that we doctors have developed fast techniques and biological therapies,bone marrow transplant, chemotherapy, clinical trials, some complementary medicines, gene therapy, refers to the general care, hormone therapy, proton therapy, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, targeted therapies, vaccines and therapies in most cases surgery is performed. In all the thousands of people around the world today, we can see two of which were made ​​by cancer, but thanks to modern technology and appropriate treatment can be treated by a court as not capable ofget rid of the root of cancer.

Symptoms, causes and diagnosis of ovarian cysts

Usually, most of the cysts show no sympt ny WHO, are small and benign. Problems can occur if you have large cysts. Times may change, be irregular, lighter or heavier than usual, you may feel discomfort in the lower abdomen, and even pain. Sometimes the pain gets stronger after sex.

Cysts may put pressure on the bladder or intestines, the determination to go to the bathroom more often, or sometimes can cause the production of abnormalamount of hormones to begin with. Of course, other sympt er WHO may seem too much, especially if you have polycystic ovarian syndrome or endometriosis.

Cysts may also cause other problems. A cyst can rupture, leading to the emergence of a huge pain in the lower abdomen. The intensity of pain depends on several factors, such as whether the cyst is infected, or if there is any bleeding, and also depends on what the contents of the cyst. If this problem occurs, you must goimmediately to hospital for treatment. Another problem can occur if the cyst is growing on a stalk from an ovary. In this case, the mother can become twisted and cause a deep pain in the lower abdomen as the blood supply to the cyst will stop.

A functional ovarian cysts appear most often. Follicular cysts appears when, after releasing the egg, the follicle does not shed its fluid, or if the follicle does not release an egg. Continuing to fillfluid, the follicle becomes a cyst. This is the most common cyst can reach five or six inches wide, and usually disappears in a few weeks without treatment.

Another type, which is not as common as follicular cysts corpus luteum cyst. Appears when the corpus luteum fills with blood or fluid. This type of cyst can grow to six feet wide and usually disappear within a few months. Although cysts can be divided, and that causes pain and internalbleeding.

Other types that may appear is that dermoid cysts. It develops from cells that produce eggs in the ovaries, and may contain tissue such as skin, hair or teeth. This cyst usually occurs in young women, and may require surgical removal.

Cystadenomas are cysts that should be eliminated, although they are usually not cancerous. They can grow very large, and are often connected to an ovary. Some of them are filled with mucus, and others with aaqueous fluid.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the cause of the appearance of small benign cysts, which will grow if the hormones produced by the ovaries are not exactly balanced. Endometriosis can cause the development of ovarian cysts.

In general, an ovarian cyst was found by chance during a physical exam. This is because a lot of ovarian cysts do not show sympt WHO. If the doctor suspects you have an ovarian cyst, is being sent to the gynecologist. TheVagina visit a gynecologist to see if there is any swelling, and usually have an ultrasound as well. Another method is to follow your doctor may place a small round tube into the vagina to examine the ovaries. After the ultrasound, the doctor will know if the cyst is functional or not, will have information on their density, but you may need to have another scan or MRI as well. A blood test is another way to see ifa tumor. The doctor is caring for the level of the protein CA-125 due to high levels can be a sign of ovarian can cer.

Ovarian cysts are very common, and this means that rarely can differentiate into an ovary cancer. Approximately 95% of ovarian cysts are not cancerous.

The causes of cervical cancer, symptoms and treatment

Cervical cancer is a slow growing tumor that develops in the lining of the cervix, which is lower and close the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. An estimated 12,200 women in the U.S. have been diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2010 and 4210 deaths in that year. Fifty-eight percent of the 12,100 women between 45 and 74. The survival rate at 5 years for the period 1999-2006 was 70 percent. Reboottesting a new vaccine and are helping to improve the results of this type of cancer.

There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common and occurs in approximately 80 to 90 percent of cases. It grows in thin, flat cells called squamous cells that cover the surface of the endocervix, the portion of the cervix closest to the uterus. Adenocarcinoma is more common inyounger women and how the cells within the endocervical gland.

Although scientists are not 100 percent sure how to develop cervical cancer, were able to identify a number of risk factors that can lead to disease. The main risk factor associated with the sexually transmitted virus, such as some types of human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Chlamydia bacteria basic transmission during sex is also a riskfactor for cervical cancer. Other factors that may lead to an increased risk include smoking, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, prolonged use of oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. A family history of cervical cancer risk is another consideration.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are asymptomatic (without symptoms) in the early stages. Not until they reached the lastsub-phases and stages is evident. The most common symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Abnormal vaginal light spotting or bleeding between periods.
A greater amount of blood loss during normal menstruation.
Bleeding after intercourse, a pelvic exam, or irrigation.
Pain during intercourse.
General pelvic pain.

A diagnosis of cancer of the cervix can be done with the help of different instruments and imagingdevices. The two most common tools include a cystoscope (a thin tube-like instrument with a light engine and optics to an end that is inserted into the vagina) and a proctoscope (similar to a cystoscope, but is inserted into the anal cavity to examine ways of invasive cervical cancer). The most common imaging tests are X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and intravenous urography . Doctors canWe also do a Pap smear, a biopsy is taken and in many cases.

While traditional methods of treatment for cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy are often used in cancer of the cervix, there are eight different types of surgical procedures used including:

Cryosurgery: a type of surgery that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancer cells.
Laser surgery: A type of surgery that uses a laser beam as a kind of knifeto shrink the tumor without causing bleeding.
Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP): A type of surgery that uses a thin wire loop is placed around the tumor, providing a low intensity electric current.
Conization: A type of surgery that removes a cone-shaped mass of tissue from the cervix with the help of a laser or LEEP.
Simple hysterectomy: removal of the uterus without adjacent tissue.
Total hysterectomy: A type of surgery in the wombremoved along with adjacent structures or organs (the parameters and the uterosacral ligaments, the top of the vagina near the cervix, lymph nodes, and sometimes the fallopian tubes and ovaries).
Trachelectomy: A new type of surgery, which removes the cervix during the attempt to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. Lymph nodes are removed. A "bag of snuff," is also created to act as the opening of the cervix. The first experiments showWomen who have this type of surgery have fewer recurrences of cancer of the cervix.
Pelvic exenteration: Similar to a total hysterectomy, but more bodies are removed, including: uterine ligaments, and uterosacral parameters, the top of the vagina near the cervix, lymph nodes, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum and colon and bladder.

Cervical cancer can be prevented by changes in these risk factors associated withdisease. These changes include:

Delaying sex until marriage
Limit the number of sexual partners.
Avoid sexual contact with promiscuous partners.
Stop smoking.
Eat more fruits and vegetables and foods rich in vitamins and minerals.
Exercise.
Lose weight if obese.

Women also can receive Gardasil, an HPV vaccine to new 6.11, 16 and 18, which can lead to cervical cancer. The vaccine prevents HPV infectionand can not be used to treat an existing infection. Gardasil requires a series of three injections over six months. Gardasil only works on these four types of HPV and does not prevent other types of HPV that cause cervical cancer, even if these events are extremely rare.

The causes of cervical cancer, symptoms and treatment

Cervical cancer is a slow-growing cancer that develops in the lining of the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. An estimated 12,200 women in the United States were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2010 and 4,210 died from it during that year. Fifty-eight percent of those 12,100 women were between the ages of 45 and 74. The 5 year survival rate from 1999 to 2006 was 70 percent. New early screening tests and a new vaccine are contributing to improved outcomes for this form of cancer.

There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form, occurring in about 80 to 90 percent of all cases. It develops in the thin, flat cells, called squamous cells, that cover the surface of the endocervix, the portion of the cervix closest to the uterus. Adenocarcinoma is more common in younger women and forms in the gland cells within the endocervix.

Although scientists are not 100 percent sure on how cervical cancer develops, they have been able to identify a number of risk factors which can lead to the disease. The chief risk factor is associated with sexually transmitted viruses such as some types of the human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The bacterial based Chlamydia, also transmitted during sexual activity, is another risk factor for cancer of the cervix. Other factors which can lead to an increased risk of include: smoking, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, long-term use of oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. A family history of cervical cancer is another high risk consideration.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are asymptomatic (showing no symptoms) in the early stages. It is not until it has reached the later sub-stages and stages that it becomes noticeable. The most common symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Abnormal vaginal discharge with light blood spots or light bleeding between periods.
A higher amount of blood loss than normal during menstruation.
Bleeding following intercourse, pelvic exam, or douching.
Pain during intercourse.
General pelvic pain.

A diagnosis of cervical cancer can be made with the aid of several instruments and imaging devices. The two most common instruments include a cystoscope, (a thin, tube-shaped instrument with a light and optical device at one end which is inserted into the vagina) and a proctoscope (similar to a cystocope but is inserted into the anal cavity to examine invasive forms of cervical cancer). The most common imaging tests include an x-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and intravenous urography. Doctors may also perform a PAP smear, and a biopsy is taken in many cases.

While traditional cancer treatment methods of chemotherapy and radiation are often utilized in cervical cancer, there are eight different types of surgical procedures used which include:

Cryosurgery: A type of surgery which uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells.
Laser Surgery: A type of surgery which uses a laser beam as a sort of knife to cut away tumors without causing bleeding.
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): Type of surgery which uses a thin wire loop positioned around the tumor and delivers a low intense electric current.
Conization: Type of surgery where a cone shape mass of tissue is removed from the cervix with the help of a laser or LEEP.
Simple hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus without adjacent tissues.
Total hysterectomy: Type of surgery where the uterus is removed together with adjacent structures or organs (parametria and uterosacral ligaments, the upper part of the vagina located next to the cervix, the lymph node, and sometimes the fallopian tubes and ovaries).
Trachelectomy: A new type of surgery where the cervix is removed while attempting to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. The lymph nodes are also removed. A "purse-string" stitch is also created which will act as the opening to the cervix. Early trials show that women that have this type of surgery have fewer relapses of cervical cancer.
Pelvic exenteration: Similar to a total hysterectomy but more organs are removed which include: uterus, parametria and uterosacral ligaments, upper part of the vagina closest to the cervix, lymph node, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, and part of the colon and urine bladder.

Cervical cancer can be prevented with changes to those risk factors associated with the disease. These changes include:

Delaying sexual intercourse until marriage
Limiting the number of sexual partners.
Avoiding sexual contact with promiscuous partners.
Quitting smoking.
Eating more fruits and vegetables, and foods high in vitamins and minerals.
Exercising.
Losing weight if obese.

Women can also receive Gardasil, a new vaccine aimed at HPV viruses 6,11, 16, and 18, which can all lead to cervical cancer. This vaccine prevents infection of HPV and can not be used to treat an existing infection. Gardasil requires a series of three injections over a six month period. Gardasil only works on these four types of HPV and does not prevent other HPV types from causing to cervical cancer, although these occurrences are extremely rare.

The causes of cervical cancer, symptoms and treatment

Cervical cancer is a slow growing tumor that develops in the lining of the cervix, which is lower and close the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. An estimated 12,200 women in the U.S. have been diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2010 and 4210 deaths in that year. Fifty-eight percent of the 12,100 women between 45 and 74. The survival rate at 5 years for the period 1999-2006 was 70 percent. Reboottesting a new vaccine and are helping to improve the results of this type of cancer.

There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common and occurs in approximately 80 to 90 percent of cases. It grows in thin, flat cells called squamous cells that cover the surface of the endocervix, the portion of the cervix closest to the uterus. Adenocarcinoma is more common inyounger women and how the cells within the endocervical gland.

Although scientists are not 100 percent sure how to develop cervical cancer, were able to identify a number of risk factors that can lead to disease. The main risk factor associated with the sexually transmitted virus, such as some types of human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Chlamydia bacteria basic transmission during sex is also a riskfactor for cervical cancer. Other factors that may lead to an increased risk include smoking, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, prolonged use of oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. A family history of cervical cancer risk is another consideration.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are asymptomatic (without symptoms) in the early stages. Not until they reached the lastsub-phases and stages is evident. The most common symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Abnormal vaginal light spotting or bleeding between periods.
A greater amount of blood loss during normal menstruation.
Bleeding after intercourse, a pelvic exam, or irrigation.
Pain during intercourse.
General pelvic pain.

A diagnosis of cancer of the cervix can be done with the help of different instruments and imagingdevices. The two most common tools include a cystoscope (a thin tube-like instrument with a light engine and optics to an end that is inserted into the vagina) and a proctoscope (similar to a cystoscope, but is inserted into the anal cavity to examine ways of invasive cervical cancer). The most common imaging tests are X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and intravenous urography . Doctors canWe also do a Pap smear, a biopsy is taken and in many cases.

While traditional methods of treatment for cancer chemotherapy and radiation are often used in cancer of the cervix, there are eight types of surgical procedures used, including:

Cryosurgery: a type of surgery that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancer cells.
Laser surgery: A type of surgery that uses a laser beam as a kind of knifeto shrink the tumor without causing bleeding.
Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP): A type of surgery that uses a thin wire loop is placed around the tumor, providing a low intensity electric current.
Conization: A type of surgery that removes a cone-shaped mass of tissue from the cervix with the help of a laser or LEEP.
Simple hysterectomy: removal of the uterus without adjacent tissue.
Total hysterectomy: A type of surgery in the wombremoved along with adjacent structures or organs (the parameters and the uterosacral ligaments, the top of the vagina near the cervix, lymph nodes, and sometimes the fallopian tubes and ovaries).
Trachelectomy: A new type of surgery, which removes the cervix during the attempt to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. Lymph nodes are removed. A "bag of snuff," is also created to act as the opening of the cervix. The first experiments showWomen who have this type of surgery have fewer recurrences of cancer of the cervix.
Pelvic exenteration: Similar to a total hysterectomy, but more bodies are removed, including: uterine ligaments, and uterosacral parameters, the top of the vagina near the cervix, lymph nodes, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum and colon and bladder.

Cervical cancer can be prevented by changes in these risk factors associated withdisease. These changes include:

Delaying sex until marriage
Limit the number of sexual partners.
Avoid sexual contact with promiscuous partners.
Stop smoking.
Eat more fruits and vegetables and foods rich in vitamins and minerals.
Exercise.
Lose weight if obese.

Women also can receive Gardasil, an HPV vaccine to new 6.11, 16 and 18, which can lead to cervical cancer. The vaccine prevents HPV infectionand can not be used to treat an existing infection. Gardasil requires a series of three injections over six months. Gardasil only works on these four types of HPV and does not prevent other types of HPV that cause cervical cancer, even if these events are extremely rare.

The causes of cervical cancer, symptoms and treatment

Cervical cancer is a slow growing tumor that develops in the lining of the cervix, which is lower and close the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. An estimated 12,200 women in the U.S. have been diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2010 and 4210 deaths in that year. Fifty-eight percent of the 12,100 women between 45 and 74. The survival rate at 5 years for the period 1999-2006 was 70 percent. Reboottesting a new vaccine and are helping to improve the results of this type of cancer.

There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common and occurs in approximately 80 to 90 percent of cases. It grows in thin, flat cells called squamous cells that cover the surface of the endocervix, the portion of the cervix closest to the uterus. Adenocarcinoma is more common inyounger women and how the cells within the endocervical gland.

Although scientists are not 100 percent sure how to develop cervical cancer, were able to identify a number of risk factors that can lead to disease. The main risk factor associated with the sexually transmitted virus, such as some types of human papilloma virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The Chlamydia bacteria basic transmission during sex is also a riskfactor for cervical cancer. Other factors that may lead to an increased risk include smoking, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, prolonged use of oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. A family history of cervical cancer risk is another consideration.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are asymptomatic (without symptoms) in the early stages. Not until they reached the lastsub-phases and stages is evident. The most common symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Abnormal vaginal light spotting or bleeding between periods.
A greater amount of blood loss during normal menstruation.
Bleeding after intercourse, a pelvic exam, or irrigation.
Pain during intercourse.
General pelvic pain.

A diagnosis of cancer of the cervix can be done with the help of different instruments and imagingdevices. The two most common tools include a cystoscope (a thin tube-like instrument with a light engine and optics to an end that is inserted into the vagina) and a proctoscope (similar to a cystoscope, but is inserted into the anal cavity to examine ways of invasive cervical cancer). The most common imaging tests are X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and intravenous urography . Doctors canWe also do a Pap smear, a biopsy is taken and in many cases.

While traditional methods of treatment for cancer chemotherapy and radiation are often used in cancer of the cervix, there are eight types of surgical procedures used, including:

Cryosurgery: a type of surgery that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancer cells.
Laser surgery: A type of surgery that uses a laser beam as a kind of knifeto shrink the tumor without causing bleeding.
Loop electrosurgical excision (LEEP): A type of surgery that uses a thin wire loop is placed around the tumor, providing a low intensity electric current.
Conization: A type of surgery that removes a cone-shaped mass of tissue from the cervix with the help of a laser or LEEP.
Simple hysterectomy: removal of the uterus without adjacent tissue.
Total hysterectomy: A type of surgery in the wombremoved along with adjacent structures or organs (the parameters and the uterosacral ligaments, the top of the vagina near the cervix, lymph nodes, and sometimes the fallopian tubes and ovaries).
Trachelectomy: A new type of surgery, which removes the cervix during the attempt to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. Lymph nodes are removed. A "bag of snuff," is also created to act as the opening of the cervix. The first experiments showWomen who have this type of surgery have fewer recurrences of cancer of the cervix.
Pelvic exenteration: Similar to a total hysterectomy, but more bodies are removed, including: uterine ligaments, and uterosacral parameters, the top of the vagina near the cervix, lymph nodes, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum and colon and bladder.

Cervical cancer can be prevented by changes in these risk factors associated withdisease. These changes include:

Delaying sex until marriage
Limit the number of sexual partners.
Avoid promiscuous sex with partners.
Stop smoking.
Eat more fruits and vegetables and foods rich in vitamins and minerals.
Exercise.
Lose weight if obese.

Women also can receive Gardasil, an HPV vaccine to new 6.11, 16 and 18, which can lead to cervical cancer. The vaccine prevents HPV infectionand can not be used to treat an existing infection. Gardasil requires a series of three injections over six months. Gardasil only works on these four types of HPV and does not prevent other types of HPV that cause cervical cancer, even if these events are extremely rare.

Uterine cancer - symptoms, causes and remedies

Uterine cancer is one of the most lethal cancers that actually begins in the lining of the cells in the uterus. The uterus is a vital part of a woman's reproductive system.

Type of uterine cancer

Cancer can indicate various types of cancer, which occurs in the uterus of a woman. uterine sarcoma, commonly known as leiomyosarcomas are a type of uterine cancer, which occurs in the muscle layer of the uterus. Endometrial > Cancer is another type of uterine cancer that originates in cells found in the glands of the lining of the uterus or endometrium. Cervical cancer is a different type of uterine cancer, which is known to arise from the bottom of a matrix. It extends to the transition zone of the cervix of a woman and the connection to the top of the vagina.

Symptoms

A woman having cancer of the uterus may notice some commonSymptoms>. However, can vary from person to person depending on the disease into account. Common symptoms include pain or difficulty with urination, unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding, extreme pain at the time of the relationship, a normal pelvic mass, weight loss discharge, pain in the pelvic region and who never breastfed. In fact, cervical cancer rarely occurs before menopause, during which a woman had a regular menstrual cycle.

E 'usually occurs during the time at regular stops menstrual cycle. If a woman notices a recurrence of the bleeding at this stage of her life, she must immediately draw the attention of your doctor, as there may be a possibility of uterine cancer.

The most common symptom of uterine cancer is abnormal bleeding from the uterus of a woman after menopause. Bleeding may take the form of streaks of blood, which contains more watery blood.In some cases, a woman may also experience lower abdominal pain.

Cause

There are several causes cervical cancer, have been discovered to date. Diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovaries have prolonged anovulation, nulliparity or having only one child support, lack of menstruation, prolonged use of tamoxifen in treating breast cancer and not taking estrogen without progestin have answered some valid causes for uterine cancer.

Diagnosisdisease

The cancer can be diagnosed with endometrial and endocervical. In addition to these techniques, vaginal ultrasound is used to detect the thickness of the endometrium due to the increased thickness of the uterus can cause some serious changes cancer. In addition, the Pap test can also be an accurate way to detect cervical cancer, but can not be defined as a reliable source.

Treatment

The treatment of this cancer is performedbased on the grade and stage of cancer. abdominal hysterectomy is a standard therapy, which involves surgical removal of the uterus of women with both ovaries and fallopian tubes, washing the abdominal cavity to identify malignant cells and culling of aortic and pelvic lymph nodes. Many doctors prefer to use hormone therapy that eliminates the possibility of metastatic cancer. Once again, women even opt for radiation therapytreatment of uterine cancer.

Although treatment is an option for cancer, however, you must take immediate action after noticing the symptoms. Do not let them reach a level that can not be cured!

To your health!

The causes of cervical cancer and effective treatments

The high profile of the recent death of Jade Goody, the star of the British program for cervical cancer, has increased public awareness of this deadly disease.

Cervical cancer kills some 253,500 women worldwide each year, according to the National Cervical Cancer Coalition (NCCC). This threat has prompted a concerted effort of research on the causes of cervical cancer, and effectivetreatments in recent years.

The researchers found that a virus called Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes at least 70% of cervical cancers. Following this discovery, have developed a vaccine that protects girls for example, aged 11 and 26, two common strains of HPV.

Moreover, though not considered actually cause cervical cancer, factors that increase the risk of contracting the disease. These risk factorsinclude:

The long-term use of birth control pills: the use of birth control pills for more than four years, may increase the risk of cervical cancer among women with HPV infection.
There is no regular testing, cervical cancer is more common among women who do not have regular Pap tests.
HPV infection: HPV infection has not been completely removed can cause cervical cancer in some women. Since these viruses are transmitted by sexual contactincreases the risk of HPV infection with number of sexual partners.
Smoking: snuff increases the risk of cervical cancer in women infected with HPV.
weakened immune system, HIV infection or the use of drugs that suppress the immune system, increases the risk of cervical cancer.

Knowing the causes of cervical cancer risk factors, can help prevent women from contracting the disease.

However,when a woman was diagnosed with cervical cancer, which is facing a very difficult decision. What treatment is most effective? The choice of treatment?

Cancer treatment is a controversial issue as soon as you venture outside the realm of mainstream medical authority in the field of alternative medicine. There are many good reasons for this controversy. In short, the conflict between freedom and order informationInterest (income).

Health care is an industry of billions of dollars annually in the U.S. only. Is the treatment of cancer for a turnover of U.S. $ 72.1 million in 2004, according to the National Cancer Institute. E naive hope that a profitable industry will put the interests of the public interest before his own being.

In fact, a recent "60 Minutes" documentary, there are twice as many lobbyists working for the pharmaceutical industryWe are members of Congress. They are paid to solicit support from the producers of Law for legislation that protects the interests of drug manufacturers, and to discredit alternative cancer treatments in the media.

alternative treatments and cures for cancer have shown have been widely documented in the last hundred years. Unfortunately, much of this information has been suppressed, discredited or deliberately, because it represents a threat to the interestsbenefit from patented treatments.

If it is beyond the scope of this paper to discuss alternative treatments for cancer, here are some general guidelines to help you find the information useful for your own personal use and research education.

First, you must be willing to be your own authority. It s your health and your life, after all, and you have the right to make the final decision on the treatment you have additional information receive.Theaccess, the best position to make a truly informed decision.

Second, you must be willing to look beyond conventional sources of the mainstream, if you really want to find information is deleted.

Third, the criteria should allow for options to include anecdotal evidence, because it will never be approved by the FDA, double-blind studies, to support any treatment that can not be patented, or administered in profit important.

The answer to the memorydiscredit effective alternative treatments of any kind is "There is no clinical evidence that it works." While this is true, it is also misleading. This does not mean that treatment does not work. No clinical trials because there was a clinical trial, and never will be, because most alternatives can not be patented. Therefore, there is no incentive to pay for clinical trials.

Anecdotes, first-person accounts of success, alternative cancer treatmentsoffering new options and directions to explore. research motivated by the most liberal countries can support, often in their testimony, and help you make informed decisions that can lead to successful healing, even cancer.

Symptoms, causes and diagnosis of ovarian cyst

In general, most of the cysts have no symptoms, are small and benign. Problems can occur if you have large cysts. Times may change, become irregular, lighter or heavier than normal, you may feel discomfort in the lower abdomen, or even pain. Sometimes, this pain is stronger after having sex.

Cysts may put pressure on the bladder or intestines, the decision to go to the bathroom more often, or sometimes can cause abnormal productionamount of hormones to start. Of course, other symptoms may appear too, especially if you have polycystic ovarian syndrome or endometriosis.

Cysts can cause other problems. A cyst may burst, resulting in the appearance of a huge pain in the lower abdomen. The intensity of pain depends on factors such as whether the cyst is infected, or if there is bleeding, and it depends on what the contents of the cyst. If this problem occurs, you willimmediately to hospital for treatment. Another problem that can occur when the cyst is growing on a stalk of an ovary. In this case, the mother can become twisted and cause intense pain in lower abdomen, since the blood supply to the cyst will stop.

A functional ovarian cysts occur more often. The follicular cyst occurs when, after releasing the egg, the follicle does not shed its fluid, or if the follicle releases an egg. Continuing to fillfluid, the follicle becomes a cyst. This is the most common cyst can reach five or six inches wide, and usually disappears within a few weeks without treatment.

Otherwise, it is not as common as the follicular cyst is the corpus luteum cyst. Appears when the corpus luteum fills with blood or fluid. This type of cyst can grow up to six centimeters wide and usually disappear within a few months. Although cysts can divide and cause pain and internalbleeding.

Another type that can appear both in the dermoid cyst. It develops from cells that produce eggs in the ovaries, and may contain tissue such as skin, hair and teeth. This cyst usually occurs in young women, and may require surgical removal.

Cystadenomas are cysts that must be removed, although usually not cancerous. They can become very large, and are often related to an ovary. Some of them are full of mucus, and others with aaqueous fluid.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the cause of the appearance of small benign cysts, which will grow if the hormones produced by the ovaries are not exactly balanced. Endometriosis can also lead to the development of ovarian cysts.

In general, an ovarian cyst was found by chance during a physical exam. This is because a lot of ovarian cysts have no symptoms. If the doctor suspects you have an ovarian cyst, is being sent to the gynecologist. L 'gynecologist will perform a vaginal examination to see if there is inflammation, and usually also have an ultrasound. Another method is to follow your doctor may place a small round tube into the vagina to examine the ovaries. After the ultrasound, the doctor will know if the cyst is functional or not, information on how dense it is, but you need to have more than CT or MRI as well. A blood test is another way to see ifThere is a type of cancer. The doctor is the treatment of CA-125 protein level is due to a high level can be a sign of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cysts are common, and rarely become the media of ovarian cancer. About 95% of ovarian cysts are not cancerous.

Causes and Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer attacks the cervix or cervical region caused by a viral infection of HPV (human papillomavirus) which did not recover in time. If the immune system decreases, the HPV infection will dangerous and can lead to cervical cancer.

The symptoms are not too visible at an early stage, that's why the beginning of cervical cancer HPV infection is considered as "The Silent Killer".

Some symptoms can be observed although not always an indication of HPV infection. Whitish or spend a bit of blood after intercourse is little sign of symptoms of this cancer. In addition, the foul-smelling yellowish fluid in the genital area can also be an indication of HPV infection. This virus can be transmitted from one patient to another and infect the person. Can be transmitted through direct contact and by sexual intercourse.

When there is this virus in a person's hand, then touching the genitals, the virus will move and can infect the cervical region or neck of your womb. Other modes of transmission are in the closet in a public toilet which has been contaminated by the virus. A cancer patient may use a closet, the HPV virus in patients who have moved into the closet. If you use it without cleaning it, it could be a virus and then switch to your genital area. Poor lifestyle a person can become supporting the increasing number of patients with this cancer. Smoking habits, consuming less vitamin C, vitamin E and folic acid may be the cause. If the consume nutritious foods will make the immune system can ward off increases and the HPV virus.

The risk of cervical cancer are women who have sex active since a very early age, which often change sex partners, or who have sex with men who like to switch pairs. Another factor is the use of oral contraceptives for long periods or was from families who have a history of cancer. Often, men who showed no symptoms of HPV infection that are spread to their partners. A man who had sex with a woman, who suffered from cervical cancer, will be the media of these virus carriers. Furthermore, when this man to have sex with his wife, the virus was able to move to his wife and to be infected.

Cervical Cancer - Symptoms and Causes of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer: malignant cancer of the cervix uteri or cervical area. It may present with vaginal bleeding but symptoms may be absent until the cancer is in its advanced stages, which has made cervical cancer the focus of intense screening efforts using the Pap smear. In developed countries, the widespread use of cervical screening programs has reduced the incidence of invasive cervical cancer by 50% or more.

The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb). It is sometimes called the uterine cervix. The body (upper part) of the uterus, is where a fetus grows. The cervix connects the body of the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). The part of the cervix closest to the body of the uterus is called the endocervix. The part next to the vagina is the exocervix (or ectocervix). The place where these 2 parts meet is called the transformation zone. Most cervical cancers start in the transformation zone.

About 85% of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, which develop in the scaly, flat, skinlike cells covering the cervix. Most other cervical cancers are adenocarcinomas, which develop from gland cells, or adenosquamous carcinomas, which develop from a combination of cell types.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Symptoms usually don't appear until abnormal cervical cells become cancerous and invade nearby tissue. When this happens, the most common symptom is abnormal bleeding, which may start and stop between regular menstrual periods or may occur after sexual intercourse.

Bleeding from the vagina that is not normal,or a change in your menstrual cycle that you can't explain.

Menstrual periods that last longer and are heavier than before. Bleeding after sexual intercourse, douching, or a pelvic exam.

Pain during urination: Bladder pain or pain during urination can be a symptom of advanced cervical cancer. This cervical cancer symptom usually occurs when cancer has spread to the bladder.

Causes of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer most commonly begins in the thin, flat cells that line the bottom of the cervix (squamous cells). Squamous cell carcinomas account for about 80 percent of cervical cancers. Cervical cancer can also occur in the glandular cells that line the upper portion of the cervix.

Genetic material that comes from certain forms of HPV has been found in cervical tissues that show cancerous or precancerous changes.

Most cervical cancer is caused by a virus called human papillomavirus, or HPV. You get HPV by having sex with someone who has it. There are many types of the HPV virus. Not all types of HPV cause cervical cancer. Some of them cause genital warts, but other types may not cause any symptoms.

The virus is a sexually transmitted disease. There are more than 50 types of human papilloma virus (HPV) that infect humans. Types 6 and 11 usually cause warts, while types 16, 18, 31 and 33 usually result in high-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN-2 and CIN-3) and carcinomas.

More than 90 percent of all cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, and researchers believe that this cancer may be a sexually transmitted disease. There is much evidence that cervical carcinoma is related to sexually transmitted organisms.

Chemical exposure: Women who work on farms or in the manufacturing industry may be exposed to chemicals that can increase their risk of cervical cancer.

Women who have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, often take drugs that weaken the body's natural immunity or its ability to fight off disease. These women also have an increased risk for cervical cancer and should be closely monitored by their gynecologist for the development of precancerous changes to the cervix.

Cervical Cancer Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Image : http://www.flickr.com

Cervical cancer is a slow-growing cancer that develops in the lining of the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina. An estimated 12,200 women in the United States were diagnosed with cervical cancer in 2010 and 4,210 died from it during that year. Fifty-eight percent of those 12,100 women were between the ages of 45 and 74. The 5 year survival rate from 1999 to 2006 was 70 percent. New early screening tests and a new vaccine are contributing to improved outcomes for this form of cancer.

There are two main types of cervical cancer: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common form, occurring in about 80 to 90 percent of all cases. It develops in the thin, flat cells, called squamous cells, that cover the surface of the endocervix, the portion of the cervix closest to the uterus. Adenocarcinoma is more common in younger women and forms in the gland cells within the endocervix.

Although scientists are not 100 percent sure on how cervical cancer develops, they have been able to identify a number of risk factors which can lead to the disease. The chief risk factor is associated with sexually transmitted viruses such as some types of the human papillomavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The bacterial based Chlamydia, also transmitted during sexual activity, is another risk factor for cancer of the cervix. Other factors which can lead to an increased risk of include: smoking, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, obesity, long-term use of oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies. A family history of cervical cancer is another high risk consideration.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of cervical cancer are asymptomatic (showing no symptoms) in the early stages. It is not until it has reached the later sub-stages and stages that it becomes noticeable. The most common symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Abnormal vaginal discharge with light blood spots or light bleeding between periods.
A higher amount of blood loss than normal during menstruation.
Bleeding following intercourse, pelvic exam, or douching.
Pain during intercourse.
General pelvic pain.

A diagnosis of cervical cancer can be made with the aid of several instruments and imaging devices. The two most common instruments include a cystoscope, (a thin, tube-shaped instrument with a light and optical device at one end which is inserted into the vagina) and a proctoscope (similar to a cystocope but is inserted into the anal cavity to examine invasive forms of cervical cancer). The most common imaging tests include an x-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and intravenous urography. Doctors may also perform a PAP smear, and a biopsy is taken in many cases.

While traditional cancer treatment methods of chemotherapy and radiation are often utilized in cervical cancer, there are eight different types of surgical procedures used which include:

Cryosurgery: A type of surgery which uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and kill cancer cells.
Laser Surgery: A type of surgery which uses a laser beam as a sort of knife to cut away tumors without causing bleeding.
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP): Type of surgery which uses a thin wire loop positioned around the tumor and delivers a low intense electric current.
Conization: Type of surgery where a cone shape mass of tissue is removed from the cervix with the help of a laser or LEEP.
Simple hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus without adjacent tissues.
Total hysterectomy: Type of surgery where the uterus is removed together with adjacent structures or organs (parametria and uterosacral ligaments, the upper part of the vagina located next to the cervix, the lymph node, and sometimes the fallopian tubes and ovaries).
Trachelectomy: A new type of surgery where the cervix is removed while attempting to preserve as much healthy tissue as possible. The lymph nodes are also removed. A "purse-string" stitch is also created which will act as the opening to the cervix. Early trials show that women that have this type of surgery have fewer relapses of cervical cancer.
Pelvic exenteration: Similar to a total hysterectomy but more organs are removed which include: uterus, parametria and uterosacral ligaments, upper part of the vagina closest to the cervix, lymph node, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, and part of the colon and urine bladder.

Cervical cancer can be prevented with changes to those risk factors associated with the disease. These changes include:

Delaying sexual intercourse until marriage
Limiting the number of sexual partners.
Avoiding sexual contact with promiscuous partners.
Quitting smoking.
Eating more fruits and vegetables, and foods high in vitamins and minerals.
Exercising.
Losing weight if obese.

Women can also receive Gardasil, a new vaccine aimed at HPV viruses 6,11, 16, and 18, which can all lead to cervical cancer. This vaccine prevents infection of HPV and can not be used to treat an existing infection. Gardasil requires a series of three injections over a six month period. Gardasil only works on these four types of HPV and does not prevent other HPV types from causing to cervical cancer, although these occurrences are extremely rare.

Cervical Cancer - Causes and Treatment

Cervical cancer is a malignancy that develops in the lining of the cervix. It can take many years for it to develop, but during this development stage, the cell structure of the lining wall will display abnormal changes. These abnormal changes occur internally in the body and do not present any outward symptoms compared to other forms of cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer and the main cause of cancer deaths in women after breast cancer. The main cause of the disease is the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), meaning that this is a preventable form of cancer.

How to detect cervical cancer

Pap smear screening can detect potentially precancerous changes. Therefore regular tests are important and are recommended. The introduction of Pap smears as screening tools about 50 years ago has significantly reduced the number of deaths due to this type of cancer.

Possible causes

While it may not be possible to pinpoint with accuracy the causes of cervical cancer, the following are possible risk factors:

Having several sexual partners
Consuming oral contraceptives (the Pill)
Smoking: Women smokers are more than 10 times likely to get cervical cancer than women who do not smoke
A weak immune system
Treatment

Preventing the disease in the first place is crucial. There are now vaccines available that target several strains of HPV to prevent the infection. Once diagnosed, treatment for cervical cancer differs according to stage, age and tumor size. The options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy or a combination of all three.

Pap smear

A Pap smear involves the removal of tissue cells from the cervix. These tissues are then examined under the microscope for changes that might determine cancer or precancerous states. Since a Pap smear can identify both cancerous as well as precancerous states of cervical cells, it is important for women who are sexually active to do a Pap smear annually.

The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends a first Pap test within three years of having sexual activity or by age 21, followed by a Pap test every 1-2 years after that. An annual Pap test is also recommended if you have risk factors for cervical cancer.

By:Ken Soh

Uterine Cancer - Symptoms, Causes and Treatments

Uterine Cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, which actually start in the lining of the cells in the uterus. The womb or the uterus is a vital part of the reproductive system in a woman.

Type of Uterine Cancer

That cancer may denote various types of cancers, which occur in a woman's uterus. Uterine sarcomas, commonly known to be leiomyosarcomas are a type of uterine cancer, which occurs in the muscular layer of a uterus. Endometrial cancer is another type of uterine cancer, which originates from the cells that are located in the glands of the uterine lining or the endometrium. Cervical cancer is a different type of uterine cancer, which is known to arise from the lower portion of a uterus. It extends to the transitional zone of a woman's cervix and connecting to the upper part of her vagina.

Symptoms

A woman having uterine cancer can notice some common symptoms. However, they may differ from person to person depending upon the disease in consideration. Commons symptoms include painful or difficult urination, unusual discharge or vagina bleeding, extreme pain during the time of having sexual intercourse, a typical pelvic lump, abnormal weight loss, pain in the pelvic region and having never breast-fed. In fact, uterine cancer occurs rarely before menopause, during which a woman have regular menstrual periods.

It generally occurs during the time when the regular menstruation cycle stops. If a woman notices reappearance of bleeding at this stage of her life, she should immediately bring it to the attention of her general physician, as there may be a possibility of uterine cancer.

The most common symptom of uterine cancer is abnormal bleeding from a woman's uterus after her menopause. The bleeding may be in the form of a blood streaked, watery discharge containing more blood. In some cases, a woman may experience lower abdominal pain too.

Causes

There are different causes of uterine cancer, which have been discovered till date. Diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovaries having prolonged anovulation, nulliparity or having borne not a single child, lack of menstruation, extended usage of tamoxifen for the treatment of breast cancers and taking unopposed estrogen without progestin are some of the valid causes of uterine cancer.

Diagnosing the Disease

The cancer can be diagnosed by endometrial and endocervical sampling. Apart from these techniques, vaginal ultrasonography is also used to detect the thickness of the endometrium because increased thickness of the uterus may determine some serious cancerous change. Apart from this, the Pap test can also be an accurate way detecting uterine cancer but cannot be termed as a reliable source.

Treatment

The treatment of this cancer is performed on the basis of grade and stage of the cancer. Abdominal hysterectomy is a standard therapy, which involves in the surgical removal of the woman's uterus along with both the ovaries and fallopian tubes, washing of the abdominal cavity to determine malignant cells and the selective removal of the aortic and pelvic lymph nodes. Many doctors prefer usage of hormone therapy that removes the possibility of metastatic cancer. Again, women also opt for radiation therapy for the treatment of their uterine cancer.

Although treatment is a possibility for Uterine Cancer, still you should take immediate action after noticing the symptoms. Don't let it reach a level from where it cannot be cured!

To Your Health!

Cervical Dysplasia - Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Today, many diseases have become quite rampant like cervical dysplasia.

Cervical dysplasia is a syndrome in which abnormal (cancerous) cells somehow appear on the periphery of the cervix of a female. There are many forms of this disease like mild, moderate, severe and invasive dysplasia. In the first form of dysplasia, only few cells are present on the boundary of cervix. In the second form 50% of the cervical lining consists of abnormal cells. In the third kind of dysplasia the complete lining of the cervix is, inflicted with these cells. It has to, be cured right on time otherwise, it can develop to cancer. In the last form of dysplasia, all the cells on the boundary of the cervix and in cervix have become cancerous. There can be many reasons behind the appearance of dysplasia.

The first is the human papilloma virus or HPV. It has, been recognized as a common cause of this disease. It's an illness through appearance of genital warts lead to appearance of abnormal cells. In almost 80 to 90% of the cervical dysplasia cases, it is, also preceded by genital warts. Every year, almost 2,50,000 females get affected by this disorder. The women who are quite vulnerable to getting this disease are those who have a large number of sexual partners, cigarette smoking and have been using contraceptive pill for higher duration of 5 years. This kind of a disease generally happens in the age gap of 25 to 35 years in females. However, females in all age groups are susceptible to this disease.

The worst part is that this disease cannot be, easily diagnosed. You can follow some precautions that include that you quit smoking. Also, use protection while having sex. Everyone knows that HPV is a sexually transmitted disease and once you get it, cervical dysplasia is bound to happen. However, evidence has shown that condoms cannot avert spreading of HPV virus. If a female is exposed to genital warts, then show can't help the situation through the use of condoms. Its better that you abstain from sex with a man who has such warts otherwise infection will happen. Diseases like AIDS can also lead to this disease because they reduce the immunity of the body.

In addition, other kinds of weaknesses in the immune system can also cause origin of dysplasia. In a pap smear test, some cells of the cervix are, brushed by a doctor and then sent to a laboratory for finding whether they are cancerous or not. Every woman who is more than 18 years old and has a sex life should get these tests done so that dysplasia is, revealed on time. Pap smear has dangerous restrictions as far as discovering the disease is concerned. The capabilities of PAP smear in finding out about this disease in the precancerous stage are quite low, only 20-30%.

This technology just belongs to the last century. You just can't trust the pap smear tests for telling about the truth of your infection. The best way to find about this disease is through biopsy. A small section of cells get tested in a biopsy to reveal presence of cervical dysplasia.

Symptoms, Causes, and the Diagnosis of the Ovarian Cyst

Image : http://www.flickr.com

Usually, most of the cysts don't show any symptoms, they are small and benign. Problems can appear if you have larger cysts. Your periods may change, becoming irregular, lighter or heavier than usually, you may feel discomfort low down in your abdomen, or even pain. Sometimes, this pain becomes stronger after you have sex.

The cyst may put pressure on the bladder or bowels, determining you to go to the toilet more often, or sometimes it can cause the production of abnormal quantities of hormones to start. Of course, other symptoms can appear too, especially if you have polycystic ovarian syndrome or endometriosis.

Cysts can cause other problems too. A cyst may burst, having as a result the apparition of a great pain in the lower abdomen. The intensity of the pain depends on a few factors like whether the cyst is infected, or whether there is any bleeding, and it also depends on what the cyst contained. If this problem occurs, you will have to go immediately to the hospital for treatment. Another problem that may appear is when the cyst is growing on a stem from an ovary. In that case, the stem can become twisted, and that will cause a deep pain in the lower abdomen, because the blood supply to the cyst will be stopped.

A functional ovarian cyst appears more often. The follicular cyst appears when, after releasing the egg, the follicle doesn't shed its fluid, or, if the follicle does not release an egg. Continuing to fill with fluid, the follicle becomes a cyst. This is the most common cyst, it can reach five or six centimeters wide, and usually it disappears in a few weeks without any treatment.

Another type, that is not as common as the follicular cyst is the corpus luteum cyst. It appears when the corpus luteum fills with blood or fluid. This kind of cysts can grow up to six centimeters wide and usually disappear in a few months. Although, the cyst can split, and that will cause pain and internal bleeding.

Another type that can appear is the dermoid cyst. It develops from cells that produce eggs in the ovaries, and can contain tissues like skin, hair or teeth. This cyst usually appears in younger woman, and it might be necessary its surgical removal.

Cystadenomas are cysts that also need to be removed, although they are not usually cancerous. They can grow very large, and are often attached to an ovary. Some of them are filled with a mucous substance, and others with a watery liquid.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is provoking the apparition of small benign cysts, which will develop if the hormones produced by the ovaries are not proper balanced. Endometriosis can also determine the apparition of ovarian cysts.

Usually, an ovary cyst is found by chance, during a medical examination. That happens because a lot of ovarian cysts show no symptoms. If the doctor suspects that you have an ovarian cyst, he will send you to the gynaecologist. The gynaecologist will perform a vaginal examination, to see if there is any swelling, and usually you will have an ultrasound scan too. Another method the doctor might follow is to put a small rounded tube in your vagina, to scan the ovaries. After having the ultrasound scan, the doctor will know whether the cyst is functional or not, will have information about how dense it is, but it is possible that you will need to have additional CT or MRI scans also. A blood test is another method to see if there is a tumour. The doctor is looking after the CA-125 protein's level, because a high level can be the sign of ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cysts are very common, and it rarely means they will turn into ovarian cancer. About 95% of the ovarian cysts are non cancerous.

Need to Know Types, Causes and Symptoms of Cancer?

Image : http://www.flickr.com

Cancer is a disease where normal cells in the body grows abnormally. These cells divide uncontrollably. It can develop in almost all organs in your body. These are the colon, lungs, breast, skin and even bones. It also goes with gender because common cancer in men is prostrate, lung and colon cancer while in women it is breast, colon and lung cancer.

Cancer is caused by pesticides used in agriculture and homestead, such that as you protect yourself from malaria you are causing more harm in your body. Other causes are radiation, sunlight, smoking of tobacco (first hand or second), benzene, some virus and poisonous mushroom mostly found in the peanut plant. But the causes of some cancer still remain unknown.

Diet plays a big role because you find gastric cancer very common in Japan, also in part of Africa where most people consume fast food chicken that is injected to mature in a month. However a report shows that the most fatal one globally is lung cancer. Recently studies and reports show how our society as a whole has grown heavier and chubbier, this being one of cause of cancer.

Other types of cancer are kidney, skin, brain, bone, cervical, intestinal, leukemia, liver, ovarian, pancreatic and Hodgkin's lymphoma cancer. Symptoms of cancer vary with location the of the tumor, like lung cancer causes coughing, shortness of breath or even chest pain. Colon cancer on the other hand causes diarrhea, constipation, and blood in the stool.

Did you know some cancers may not have any symptoms at all? While others like gallbladder cancer, symptoms often do not start until the disease has reached an advanced stage? Common general symptoms are unplanned weight loss, malaise, loss of appetite, fever, persistent fatigue, sweating at night, change of skin and chills.