The prevention of any disease can be primary or secondary. The first is to act on the determinants of the disease to prevent. The second is the early detection of disease, followed by acceptable interventions to halt its progression.
has been significant media public relations in preventing cervical cancer in the second half after a year. Almost everyone has focused on pathogenic human papilloma virus (HPV), which wascalled a cervical cancer vaccine, although there is no vaccine available, as elsewhere in the world.
cervical smears have led to a steady decline in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in developed countries have introduced screening programs in the population.
However, cervical smears were discussed only in cervical cancer prevention target cancer media. This is despite the indisputable fact thatonly 43% of Malaysian women have never had a Pap smear in their lifetime (National Health and Morbidity Survey 2006), although cervical cancer is the second tumor more typical of women (National Cancer Registry, 2003 .) Overuse of cervical screening to women who are younger and / or who are at low risk.
The onset of cervical cancer begins with changes in the cervical squamocolumnar junction in which thesquamous squamous epithelium of the ectocervix meets the columnar epithelium of endocervix. The percentage of the cell nucleus to the cell size increases the epithelium in the pre-cancer condition.
There is a correlation between induction of these changes and HPV infection. Pre-cancer changes called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CIN is classified as mild (CIN 1), moderate (two NICs) or hard (CIN 3). The INC is changedof the terrible disease and then invasive carcinoma of the slightest moderate 70-20 years. There are usually no symptoms during this progression, which may be perceived by cervical smears.
Cervical cancer has a pre-cancerous phase that lasts about 7 to 20 years earlier than standard cells to modify the tumor cells. Because of the risk factors for cervical cancer are unknown, behavioral interventions can be taken to preventdevelopment.
Pelvic examinations and cervical smears to detect most pre-cancerous changes in the cervix. With treatment, the aggressive tumor growth would stop. Even if you do not have aggressive cancer, which is seen in early, curable stage.
The Pap test is a test that revealed pre-cancerous cells. This allows physicians to refer to artificial changes in the cervix for further research andtreatment. Note that cytology is not a diagnostic test.
This is to take a small sample of cells from the cervix with a brush or spatula. The cells are placed on a slide or in a container and sent to laboratory for testing minutes.
cervical smears is recommended for all women, even if the woman has not had sex. The risk of cervical cancer in girls is thought to be low, but it can still happen. Regularpelvic exam and Pap test should be done once sexual activity begins. The frequency can be based on performance and risk profile of women.
The use of smear Extended cervical screening population in many developed countries has resulted in a marked decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer. It is essential that patients and / or your mom and dad are informed cover some types of vaccines against HPV and cervical cancer. There is atwo vaccines. The vaccine works against four types of HPV and the other 2. Prevent the development of HPV infection. As HPV infection is a major risk for the development of pre-cervical cancer, vaccination would prevent some of its development.
Behavioral interventions have an important role to play and are relatively inexpensive. However, there seem to have the same press that the HPV vaccine. The failure of many patients and / or your mom and dad that HPV vaccines are the magic bullets to get the vaccine for cervical cancer should be addressed by health messages that reflect the current cervical cancer prevention.
In short, we need more stress for policy makers and health managers in systems with proven cervical smears and behavioral interventions, whether to have a major impact in reducing the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer> Cancer.
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