Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor tissue, which attack the cervix (organ connecting the uterus and vagina). There are some types of this tumor. The most common types, the SCC (squalors cell carcinoma), the leading cause of cervical cancer with the percentage of 80-85 percent. HPV infection is a precipitating factor in the development of this cancer.
Other types of this cancer, as adenokarsinoma, small cell carcinoma,adenosquamos, adenocarcinoma, melanoma and lymphoma, a cancer of the cervix is rare and usually not associated with HPV. Several types of cervical cancer latter can not be avoided, as the SCC.
Signs and symptoms
Early stage cervical cancer are asymptomatic.
advanced cervical cancer has shown symptoms of vaginal bleeding, back pain, urinary symptoms, such as dyisuriadisorders (difficulty or pain on urination) and dark urine, and digestive, chronic constipation and tenemus (yet to hear a piece, even if you have a bowel movement).
On the other hand, pain is when the vaginal discharge and sexual intercourse is also a symptom of advanced cervical cancer. Less common symptoms include loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, leg pain, leg swelling, and loss of urine or feces from the vagina.
Carcinoma in situ (CIS orCIN)
Pap tests can detect cancer in situ (CIN) in cervical and treatment can prevent cancer development. NIC is a mass of pre-malignant cells is still "in situ" or "in situ" and did not move from its initial position and has not spread to other parts of the body. Fortunately, Mexico and other developed countries, the use of cervical screening program has reduced the number of patients with invasive cervical cancer.
Women areencouraged to perform a Pap test once a year after their first sexual relationship and continued until they were around 70 years. If two or three years, the results were normal Pap test, women may decide to reduce the frequency of two or three years. However, women at high risk (see below) are encouraged to continue every year.
Not all women with HPV infection in patients with CIN, and not all women with CIN to cervical cancer. Most HPV infectionsdisappear quickly countered by the immune system, like any other infection.
However, some types of HPV in the cervix tend to settle for a couple of years, genetic change, so that the cells of the cervix, and causes dysplasia (abnormal cell growth). If not treated immediately, severe dysplasia and usually can become invasive cervical cancer.
NIC usually show no symptoms. This is a good time to analyze the treatment of cancer, because it wasalmost always results in a complete recovery.
People at risk
All women engaged in sexual risk for cervical cancer to be. However, women who have many male friends to have sex (male or one of his friends had a lot of friends to have sex) increased risk. Women who began having sex before age 16 without security risk.
He developed an effective vaccine against HPV types cause 70-85% of all cervicalcancers.
HPV vaccine for girls and women between the ages of 9-26 years because the vaccine only works if given before infection occurs. However, this vaccine can be administered to women is still a later onset of sexual activity. Prices are expensive vaccines sometimes cause disgust. However, given that this vaccine covers only certain types of HPV high-risk women have regular Pap tests, even after vaccination.
Diagnosis
Although the Pap test is an effectiveexploration of this cancer, confirming the diagnosis of cervical cancer or cervical cancer this requires a biopsy. This is often done through colposcopy, a visual inspection of the cervix with a magnifying instrument, the acid solution to help highlight abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. This is a 15-minute outpatient procedure and is painless.
Further diagnostic procedures such as cone biopsy, LEEP (Loop Electrical Excision Procedure)(Cone biopsy), and punch biopsies.
Stage and treatment
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification of cervical cancer based on exploration in CIN I, CIN III, CIN III is the direct precursor of cervical cancer. In the top of CIN III, which has transformed into cancer cells, and are classified as stage 0 (tumor confined to the area of skin) to 4B (a relative had spread so far).
AEarly stage patients can be treated with conservative surgery for women who wish to maintain fertility, while other patients are advised to remove the entire uterus and cervix (trachelectomy). Generally you should wait at least a year before applying for a pregnancy after surgery. Because of the possibility of cancer spread to lymph nodes (lymph nodes) in an advanced stage of cancer, the surgeon may be necessary to increase the lymph nodes around the uterus diseaseevaluation.
This tumor is very rare residual tumor has relapsed again if cleaned with the trachelectomy. However, it is recommended for patients in the prevention and treatment continued, including analysis of Papanicolaou (Pap test).
The early stage cancer can be treated with radical hysterectomy (removal of uterus) with removal of lymph nodes. Radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy can be given after surgery to reduce the risk of relapse. Cancer early stage cantreated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy great. In addition, hysterectomy can be performed for local control of cancer better.
advanced tumors (stage 2B, 4B) should be treated with combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Survival
With treatment, survival rates of patients with cervical cancer after 5 years was 92% in the early stages, 80-90% for stage of cancer and 50-65% for Phase 2. Only 25-35 percent ofwomen with stage 3 and less than 15 percent of cervical cancer patients in the fourth stage are alive after five years. Consequently, the scanning / detection and early detection of cervical cancer is very important.
See your doctor immediately if you experience the following symptoms:
Vaginal bleeding
Back pain
Painful urination or difficult urination and cloudy urine
Constipation and knotted buddies, even if the stool
Upsetwhen to have sex and vaginal discharge
Swollen feet
The loss of urine or feces from the vagina
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